Ukuklanywa Kokupholisa Kwendlu Yezinkukhu Emoyeni Oshisayo WaseSaudi Arabia

I-Saudi Arabia isivele ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wamaqanda etafuleni. Ulwazi olusemthethweni olushicilelwe ngo-2026 lwabika ukuthi kukhiqizwe amaqanda etafuleni angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili (8.4 billion) ngo-2024, nokuzanelisa kwamaqanda etafuleni kungu-103%.Kubathengi bezinto zokusebenza, lokhu kusho ukuthi ithuba alincikile emlandweni wezinkinga zokushoda. Imibuzo ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amapulazi angakwazi kanjani ukukhula ngokuthembekile, ukulawula ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza nokuvikela izinyoni nezinto zokusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezinzima.

Ukungena komoya kungumongo wale ngxoxo. Indlu yezinkukhu e-Riyadh ayibhekani nenselelo efanayo yokupholisa njengendlu eseduze kwase-Jeddah noma e-Dammam. I-National Center for Meteorology yase-Saudi Arabia ichaza isimo sezulu esishisayo ngokujwayelekile, nomswakama ophezulu eduze kogu.[3] Umklamo osebenza kahle emoyeni owomile wasemhlabathini ungase udinge isu elihlukile lokulawula endaweni enomswakama ogwini.

Amaphrojekthi ase-Saudi kufanele ahlukanise okungenani izimo ezintathu ezibanzi:

Ifayela lokuklama kufanele lisebenzise idatha yesimo sezulu yendawo ethembekile futhi lichaze izinga lokushisa elomile lasehlobo, umswakama ohlobene noma izinga lokushisa elimanzi, izimo zothuli ezikhona kanye nobuncane basebusika. Isilinganiso sikazwelonke esisodwa asikwazi ukumela yonke indawo yephrojekthi.

Umoya wokungenisa awuwona nje uhlelo lokulawula izinga lokushisa. Kumele futhi ususe ukushisa kwezinyoni kanye nomswakama, uhlambulule amagesi nothuli, unikeze umoya-mpilo futhi usabalalise umoya kuzo zonke izindawo ezinabantu. Umhlahlandlela we-FAO ukhomba izinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nokunyakaza komoya njengezingxenye ezibalulekile zendawo yezinkukhu.[4]

Endlini enezitezi eziningi zamachicken, inselelo yomklamo ingeyezinhlangothi ezintathu. Umoya kumele uhambe eduze kwesakhiwo, unqamule imigqa futhi udlule emazingeni ahlukene amakheji. Umthamo omkhulu wefeni awuqinisekisi ukuthi izinyoni ezisenkabeni noma ezitezi eziphezulu zithola umphumela ofanayo wokupholisa njengezinyoni eziseduze nomzila ocacile womoya.

Uhlelo lokungenisa umoya emhubheni ngokuvamile ludonsa umoya ngeminyango ekhethiwe noma ngamaphedi okupholisa ngokuhwamuka bese ulukhipha ngama-fani ekugcineni okuhlukile. Indlu, amaphedi, izimbobo, imigqa yamakheji nama-fani akha indlela eyodwa yomoya. Ingxenye ngayinye ithinta ezinye.

Umklamo kufanele uhlanganise:

Isiqondiso se-University extension sixwayisa ukuthi umfutho womoya ovamile uvame ukungalinganiselwa ezindlini ezinomhubhe, okungaholela ekugelezeni komoya okuphansi kunalokho obekulindelekile.[5] Ama-Cooling pads, izicupho zokukhanya, ama-shutter angcolile kanye nokuvuza kwesakhiwo konke kunomthelela ekusebenzeni kwangempela kwe-fan. Ngalesi sizathu, i-fan ekhethiwe kufanele ihlolwe nge-curve yayo yokusebenza emfuthweni womoya obaliwe osebenzayo.

Ukushintshana komoya kususa ukushisa nomswakama endlini. Isivinini somoya phezu kwezinyoni sisekela ukupholisa ngomoya futhi singathuthukisa ukunethezeka okusebenzayo kwezinyoni ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo. Le misebenzi iyahlobana kodwa ayifani.

Ithimba lokwakha kufanele likh calculate umoya odingekayo bese libonisa noma liqinisekisa ukuthi lo moya usakazeka kanjani ezingeni lezinyoni. Izindlu ezinde, izitezi eziningi zamakheji, ama-cross-conveyors kanye nezinsika zokwakha zingadala izindawo ezinezinga eliphansi lokuhamba komoya. Ukukala kokwethulwa ngakho-ke kubalulekile njengokubala kokwakha.

Akukhona ukuphatha kahle ukusho isivinini somoya esisodwa esivamile sephrojekthi ngayinye ngaphandle kokucabangela ubudala bezinyoni, uhlelo lokuhlala, izinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nomhlahlandlela wokuphatha osebenzisa ifamu. Udokotela wephrojekthi, ithimba lokukhiqiza kanye nomkhandi we-ventilation kufanele bavumelane ngezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Ukupholisa ngokuhwamuka komswakama kusebenza ngokungeza umswakama emoyeni njengoba amanzi ehwamuka, kunciphisa izinga lokushisa le-dry-bulb. Amandla alo ancike emehlukweni phakathi kwezinga lokushisa le-dry-bulb ne-wet-bulb. Imihlahlandlela yokungenisa umoya ezinkukhwini ze-UGA iveza ukuthi isimo sezulu esomile kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi le-wet-bulb kunikeza amandla amakhulu okupholisa.[6]

Lokhu kubalulekile kulo lonke elaseSaudi Arabia:

Ngakho-ke izilawuli kufanele zisebenzise okokufaka okufanele kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama kunekhalenda elimisiwe. Ukusebenza kwephedi, ukuhlelwa kwamafeni kanye nokulawulwa kokungena kufanele kuhlelwe ngokwendawo yangempela.

I-phedi yokupholisa iwuhlelo lwamanzi. Amaphrojekthi aseSaudi kufanele acabangele ukutholakala kwamanzi, ukugcinwa kwawo, ukuphindaphinda kwepompo, ukuhlunga kanye nokuqukethwe kwamaminerali kusukela ekuqaleni. Ikhwalithi yamanzi empofu ingaba nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwe-scale, izimbobo zokusabalalisa ezivalekile kanye nokumanzisa okungalingani. Ukumanzisa okungalingani kunciphisa indawo yephedi esebenzayo futhi kungadala izindawo ezishisayo.

Uhlelo lokunakekela kufanele luhlanganise ukuhlolwa kwamanzi, ukwelashwa lapho kudingeka, ukuhlanza amathangi, ukuhlolwa kwempompo, ukugeza amapayipi okusabalalisa, ukususa imfucumfucu kanye nokuhlolwa kwephedi ngezikhathi ezithile. Umhlahlandlela we-University of Kentucky ugcizelela ukuthi ukukhethwa kwephedi kufanele kubheke ukusebenza kahle, impilo yokusebenza, ukunakekela kanye nesevisi—hhayi izindleko zokuqala kuphela.[7]

Uthuli nomoya othwala isihlabathi kungathinta ama-shutter, ama-pads, izinzwa, ama-motor, ama-bearing kanye nezindawo zikagesi. Umsebenzi kufanele uhlole ukuchayeka kwendawo futhi ucacise ukuvikelwa okufanele, ukufinyelela kanye nezikhathi zokuhlanza.

Izinyathelo ezingokoqobo zingafaka izakhiwo zomoya ezivikelwe, izikrini ezifanele ezingadali ukumelana okweqile, izivalo zikagesi ezivaliwe noma ezilinganiselwe kahle, ama-shutter ama-fani afinyelelekayo, izihlangu zezinzwa kanye nohlelo lokuhlanza. Noma yisiphi isikrini noma isihlungi esingeziwe emgwaqweni womoya kufanele sifakwe ekubalweni kwengcindezi emile futhi sigcinwe; umkhawulo onganakwa ungaba yingozi kakhulu kunothuli okwakuhloswe ukuwumisa.

Imishini enezitezi eziningi ikhulisa umthamo wezinyoni ngayunithi yendawo yaphansi, kodwa futhi yenza ukusatshalaliswa komoya kube nzima. Ukubuyekezwa komklamo kufanele kuhlole izitezi ezingaphezulu, eziphakathi nendawo nezingaphansi, umkhawulo wesitebele, iziphetho zekheji kanye nezindawo ezizungeze ama-conveyor amaqanda noma omanyolo.

Ngesikhathi sokuqalisa ukusebenza, kala izinga lokushisa, umswakamo kanye nesivinini somoya ezindaweni eziningi ngaphansi kwezigaba zamafeni ezimele. Ukuhlolwa kwentuthu noma ezinye izindlela zokubona ezifanele kungasiza ekuhlonzeni ukujikeleza okufushane nezindawo ezingasebenzi. Uma izilinganiso zingahambisani nenhloso yomklamo, ukungena kwendawo yokungena, ukuvala, ukuhlelwa kwamafeni noma izithiyo kungadinga ukulungiswa ngaphambi kokuba izinyoni zibekwe.

Isilawuli sesimanje singahlela amafeni, sinyakazise izindawo zokungena, sisebenzise amaphampu futhi sikhiphe izexwayiso. Nokho, isixhumi esiyinkimbinkimbi asisikhundleni sendlela ecacile yokusebenza.

Umshayeli kufanele akwazi ukuphendula:

Ukuqapha kude kubalulekile uma kusekela abantu abaqeqeshiwe. Akufanele kudale umbono wokuthi ipulazi lingashiywa ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwendawo.

Endlini evaliwe, enabantu abaningi, ukungena komoya ngesikhathi sokushisa okukhulu kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo ngokushesha. Ukukhiqiza amandla okuyisipele, ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, ukutholakala kukaphethiloli, ukuxhumana kwe-alamu kanye nezinqubo zokusabela ezenziwa ngesandla kufanele kuhlelwe ngaphambi kokubekwa kwezinkukhu.

Unjiniyela kagesi kufanele ahlonze imithwalo ebalulekile kanye nemisinga yokuqala, hhayi ukulinganisa i-generator ngamandla okusebenza kuphela. Ipulazi kufanele lihlole ukudluliswa nokulandelana kokuqala kabusha ngaphansi kwezimo ezingokoqobo. Abasebenzi badinga uhlelo olubhaliwe lokwehluleka kwe-generator, ukwehluleka kwesilawuli, ukwehluleka kwempompo kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuxhumana.

Izindlela zokuvula eziphuthumayo noma ezinye izindlela zokuphepha, lapho kufaneleka, kufanele ziklanywe njengengxenye yesakhiwo kanye nohlelo lokuphepha lwendawo. Azikho esikhundleni samandla okuyisipele anele kanye nokulungiswa.

Ngaphambi kokuthi izinyoni zifike, hlola uhlelo ngezigaba zalo zokusebenza. Qinisekisa ukujikeleza kwefeni, ukuvuleka kwesivalo, ukucinana kwebhande, ukuhamba kokungena, ukumanzisa kwephedi, ukugeleza kwempompo, ukuvumelana kwezinzwa, ukulethwa kwe-alamu nokudluliswa kwejeneretha.

Qopha umfutho omile kanye nejubane lomoya ezindaweni zokulinganisa ekuvunyelwene ngazo. Hlola kabusha indlu ngemva kokusebenza kokuqala ngoba uthuli, ukuqondana kwebhande, isimo sephedi kanye nezinguquko zokuphatha kungashintsha ukusebenza. Umbiko wokuhlola ohlanzekile unikeza umnikazi, umfaki kanye nomthengisi isisekelo esifanayo sokugcinwa kwesikhathi esizayo.

Kungafaneleka ezindlini ezivaliwe zezohwebo uma indlela yomoya, ukusebenza kwama-feni, izindawo zokungena noma ama-pads, ukuhlelwa kwamakheji kanye nezilawuli kuhlelwe njengohlelo olulodwa. Ukufaneleka kusancike endaweni, endlini kanye nohlelo lokukhiqiza.

Amandla azo okupholisa ngokuvamile makhulu ezimweni ezomile futhi mancane lapho umoya wangaphandle unomswakama. Izimo zasendaweni zomoya owomile nezomile, ikhwalithi yamanzi, indawo yephedi, ukuhlanzeka kanye nokugeleza komoya kunquma ukusebenza kwangempela.

Inombolo yezinyoni iyodwa ayanele ukuphendula. Ukubala kudinga ubukhulu bendlu, umthwalo wokushisa wezinyoni nemishini, isimo sezulu sendawo esiklanyelwe, ukushintshana komoya noma isivinini esiqondiwe, ukumelana nokungena kanye nephedi, ukuvuza kanye nomsebenzi wefan ekhethiwe.

Izinto ezibalulekile ezivamile zihlanganisa izinga lokushisa ezindaweni ezimbalwa, umswakama, ingcindezi emile, isimo semishini, isimo samandla kanye nama-alamu okushisa okuphezulu. Uhlelo lokuqapha kufanele luhambisane nekhono lokuphendula lepulazi futhi akufanele lithathe indawo yokuhlolwa kwendawo.

Ukuze uthole isiphakamiso sokuqala sokungenisa umoya, nikeza idolobha lephrojekthi, ubukhulu bendlu, umthamo wezinkukhu, ukuhlelwa kwekheji, ukufakwa kwe-insulation, idatha yesimo sezulu yomklamo, ugesi, ukuhlolwa kwamanzi, i-automation oyifunayo kanye nohlelo lwamandla okusekela. Umhlinzeki onomthwalo kufanele akhombe okokufaka okungekho, achaze izinto ezicatshangwayo futhi axhumaniseukwakhiwa kwekheji nokulawula isimo sezulu ngaphambi kokuqeda umklamo wemishini.