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Kwadalwa ngo 07.17

Isevisi Yokupheka Yezinkukhu Eziqinile e-Indonesia: Indlela Yokuhlela Ipulazi Elithembekile Lezinkukhu Zokuthengisa

Ipulazi Lezinkukhu Eliphelele e-Indonesia: Indlela Yokuhlela Ipulazi Lezinkukhu Elithembekile Lezohwebo
Iqembu Lokuqukethwe Lemishini Yezinkukhu YaseHenan Daofeng | Ibuyekeziwe 17 Julayi 2026
I-Indonesia isive sinemboni enkulu futhi esunguliwe yamaqanda. Ngo-April 2025, uMnyango Wezolimo wezwe labika amandla okukhiqiza amaqanda etafuleni angama-6.52 million tonnes uma kuqhathaniswa nesidingo sikazwelonke esilinganiselwe ku-6.22 million tonnes. Lo mnyango futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuzinzisa amanani amaqanda nokuvikela abalimi abazimele abafuyayo.
Kumtshali-zimali, la maqiniso aphethe umlayezo obalulekile: ipulazi elisha akufanele lithethelelwe ngesimangalo esilula sokuthi “i-Indonesia idinga amaqanda amaningi.” Impumelelo yalo incike endaweni, izindleko zokukhiqiza, ukufinyelela emakethe, ukuphathwa komhlambi kanye nokuthi lonke uhlelo lobuchwepheshe lungasebenza ngokuthembekile yini.
Yingakho ipulazi lamaqanda elenziwa ngokuphelele e-Indonesia kufanele lihlelwe njengephrojekthi eyodwa ehlelekile. Indlu yezinkukhu, uhlelo lwezindlu, ukuhlinzekwa kokudla namanzi, ukuqoqwa kwamaqanda, ukususwa komquba, ukungenisa umoya, uhlelo lukagesi, ukufakwa kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi kufanele kuhambisane. Ukuthenga lezi zingxenye ngokwehlukana ngaphandle komklamo ovamile kunganciphisa isilinganiso sokuqala kodwa kudale izinkinga zokuxhumana ngemuva kokufika kwezinyoni.
Yini Efakwa Epulazini Lamaqanda Elenziwa Ngokuphelele?
Igama elithi “turnkey” lisetshenziswa ngendlela ehlukile ngabahlinzeki abahlukene. Akufanele ukuthi lamukelwe ngaphandle kwencazelo ebhaliwe.
Kwenye iphrojekthi, i-turnkey ingasho kuphela amakheji ezingqimba kanye nemishini ezenzakalelayo. Kwenye, ingafaka isakhiwo sensimbi sendlu yezinkukhu, umoya, izilayidi, izilawuli zikagesi, ukwengamela ukufakwa kanye nokuqalisa ukusebenza. Imisebenzi yokwakha, ukulungiswa komhlaba, izimvume, amandla e-transformer, ama-generator, ukwelashwa kwamanzi kanye nabasebenzi bendawo kungahlala kungumthwalo womnikazi.
Ingxoxo ephelele yobubanzi ngokuvamile ihlanganisa:
  • ukuhlela indawo kanye nokwakheka kwendlu yezinkukhu;
  • amakheji ezinkukhu ezibekela amaqanda noma uhlelo oluhlukile lwezindlu;
  • ukugcinwa kokudla nokuphakela okuzenzakalelayo;
  • ukuhlunga, ukulawula nokusabalalisa kwamanzi okuphuza;
  • ukuqoqwa nokudluliselwa kwamaqanda;
  • ukususwa, ukudluliselwa, ukugcinwa noma ukwelashwa okwengeziwe komquba;
  • ukungena komoya, izindawo zokungena komoya, ukupholisa kanye nokulawula imvelo;
  • ukukhanyisa, ama-alamu kanye nokuqapha okukude;
  • ukusabalalisa ugesi kanye nezixhumi zamandla okusekela;
  • ukupakisha, ukuthumela, ukufaka, ukuhlola kanye nokwenza ukusebenza;
  • izincwadi zokuhlahla, ukuqeqeshwa, izingxenye eziyisipele kanye nokuxhumana ngemva kokuthengisa.
Ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa izintengo, cela wonke umuntu obhida ukuthi amake into ngayinye njengefakiwe, engafakiwe, okukhethwa kukho noma okunikezwa endaweni. Lo mkhuba olula uvimbela intengo ephansi yokuqala ukuthi ingathathwa njengepulazi elisebenzayo eligcwele.
Qala ngeNdawo Yephrojekthi yase-Indonesia
“Indonesia” ayiyona incazelo ephelele yesimo sezulu. Izimo ziyahlukahluka phakathi kweziqhingi, izindawo ezisogwini nezangaphakathi, ukuphakama nezinkathi zonyaka. I-BMKG, i-ejensi yezulu nesimo sezulu yase-Indonesia, inikeza ulwazi lwesimo sezulu nendawo; ubunjiniyela bokugcina kufanele busebenzise idatha ethembekile yedolobha langempela lephrojekthi.[3]
Isifinyezo sephrojekthi kufanele sikhombe:
  • isifundazwe, idolobha nezixhumanisi zendawo;
  • ukuphakama nendawo ezungezile;
  • izinga lokushisa eliklanyelwe kanye nomswakama ohlobene;
  • ubukhulu bemvula, umzila wokukhipha amanzi kanye nomlando wezikhukhula;
  • umoya ovunguzayo, ukuchayeka kasawoti nothuli oluphephezela emoyeni;
  • umgwaqo, itheku kanye nokufinyelela kokufakwa;
  • ibanga ukusuka ezindlini zokuhlala kanye nokusetshenziswa komhlaba okuzwela;
  • izidingo ezisebenzayo zokwakha, ezemvelo, ezempilo yezilwane kanye nenhlalakahle.
Umoya oshisayo nokumanzi ushintsha inani lokupholisa ngokuhwamuka. Lapho umswakamo wangaphandle usuvele uphezu kakhulu, ukwengeza umswakamo owengeziwe kungase kunciphise ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kunalokho abathengi abakulindele. Ngakho-ke, umklamo kumele uhlanganise ukushintshana komoya, isivinini somoya, ukusebenza kwephedi kanye nezilungiselelo zokulawula esikhundleni sokuphatha amaphedi okupholisa njengesixazululo esisebenza kukho konke.
Ulwazi Oludingekayo Ngaphambi Kokuhlela Nokucaphuna Amanani
Umhlinzeki onomthwalo wemfanelo akakwazi ukuklama iphrojekthi ngokususelwa enanini lezinyoni kuphela. Lungiselela ulwazi olulandelayo ngaphambi kokucela isilinganiso samanani sokugcina:
  1. Umthamo oqondiwe kanye nohlobo lwezinyoni: izinkukhu ezincane, izinkukhu ezibekela amaqanda ezentengiselwano noma izinkukhu ezizalelayo.
  2. Izindlu ezintsha noma ezikhona, okuhlanganisa ubukhulu bangaphakathi kanye nobude obucacile.
  3. Uhlelo lwezindlu oluthandwayo kanye nezidingo zasendaweni zokugcina izilwane noma inhlalakahle.
  4. Uhlelo lomhlambi: ubudala obubodwa noma iminyaka eminingi, uhlelo lokungena/ukuphuma konke ndawonye kanye nokwandiswa kwesikhathi esizayo.
  5. Ugesi: i-voltage, i-frequency, umthamo we-transformer, umlando wokuphazamiseka kukagesi kanye nohlelo lokuphazamiseka.
  6. Umanzi: umthombo, imiphumela yaselabhorethri, ukutholakala kwansuku zonke, ukugcinwa nokucindezela.
  7. Ukudla: umthwalo wokwenza ifomula, imoto yokuletha, imvamisa yokugcwalisa i-silo nokugcinwa.
  8. Umzila wamaqanda: indawo yokuqoqa, igumbi lokuhlela noma lokupakisha kanye nohlelo lokuthunyelwa kwansuku zonke.
  9. Umzila womquba: imvamisa yokususa, ukugcinwa, ukwenza umquba, ukomiswa, ukusetshenziswa njengomanyolo noma ukukhishwa.
  10. Amandla okwakha nokufaka endaweni, ishejuli eqondiwe kanye nolwazi lomsebenzisi.
Ulwazi olungaziwa kufanele lumakwe njengesinqumo esivulekile. Ukulifaka esikhundleni ngokucabanga kungenza umdwebo wokuqala ubonakale uphelele ngenkathi kuhambisa ubungozi ekwakheni nasekusebenzeni.
Khetha Ukuhlaliswa kanye Nohlelo Lwezintambo njengohlelo olulodwa
Ukuhlelwa okufanele kwendlu nezinto zokusebenza kuncike emhlabeni, umthamo, isimo sezulu, umthetho, izinga lokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nekhono lokuphatha. Izinhlelo zohlobo A zingafaneleka eminye imisebenzi ethanda ukufinyelela okulula noma izinga elihlukile lokusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo. Izinhlelo ezinamazinga amaningi zohlobo H zingafaneleka emapulazini amakhulu azenzakalelayo lapho isikhala esime mpo, amabhande omquba kanye nokuqoqwa kwamaqanda okuphakathi kuyizinto ezibalulekile.
Akukho hlobo oluthi ngokuzenzakalelayo 'lungcono kakhulu e-Indonesia.' Ukuqhathanisa kufanele kuhlanganise:
  • umthamo wezinyoni ezisetshenziswayo ngaphansi kwezinga elifanele;
  • ubukhulu bekheji, ukuqedwa kocingo kanye nokucaciswa kokunameka;
  • ukufinyelela ezinyonini, eziphuzayo naseziphakelayo;
  • ukukhishwa kwamaqanda nokushintsha kwamabhande;
  • ukuhlukaniswa komquba nokufinyelela kokuhlanza;
  • izikhala zomgwaqo, ekugcineni nasezithuthini eziphambanayo;
  • ukugeleza komoya kuwo wonke umugqa nesitezi;
  • ukulungiswa okuphephile nokufinyelela okuphuthumayo;
  • ukuhambisana nomsebenzi womnini kanye nohlelo lwezingxenye eziyisipele.
Isakhiwo esigunyaziwe kufanele sisho isisekelo somthamo futhi sibonise amakheji, imigwaqo, iminyango, izindawo zokungenisa ukudla, ukudluliswa kwamaqanda, ukukhishwa komquba, ama-feni, izindawo zokungenisa ukupholisa, amaphaneli kagesi nezindawo zesevisi. Umthamo kufanele uvela kulomdwebo, hhayi esithembisweni esijwayelekile sezinyoni ngendlu ngayinye.
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Yenza Umoya Wokungenisa Umoya Ukushisa Nokomisa
Umhlahlandlela we-FAO ukhomba ukushisa, umswakama nokunyakaza komoya njengezinto ezibalulekile zendawo yezinkukhu futhi uphawula ukuthi amapulazi amakhulu ezohwebo aya ngokuya esebenzisa umoya wokungenisa owenziwe ngomshini.[4] Endlini enezinga eliphezulu lezitezi eziningi, inhloso akukhona nje ukufaka inani elikhulu lama-feni. Umoya kufanele ufinyelele ezindaweni ezihlala abantu kulo lonke ububanzi, ubude nobude bendlu.
Ukubalwa komoya wokungenisa kufanele kucabangele:
  • ubukhulu bendlu nokufakwa kwe-insulation;
  • umthwalo wokushisa nokomisa wezinyoni;
  • amakheji nezithiyo zesakhiwo;
  • indawo yokungenisa noma ye-cooling-pad kanye nokumelana;
  • ukusebenza kwe-feni ekucindezelweni okumile okusebenzayo;
  • izindlela eziphakathi, eziphakeme kanye nezomoya oshisayo;
  • izindawo ezimele izinzwa;
  • izinqubo ze-alamu, zokusebenza ngesandla kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo.
Ukuhlola kufanele kukale izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ingcindezi emile kanye nejubane lomoya ezindaweni okuvunyelwene ngazo nasezigabeni zokusebenza. Izilinganiso zibaluleke kakhulu eduze kwezingqimba ezingaphezulu nezingaphansi, emaphethelweni ekheji, kuma-cross-conveyor nakwezinye izindawo ezingaba namandla omoya aphansi.
Umhlahlandlela wamanje wokuphatha uhlobo olukhethiwe lwezinkukhu kufanele unikeze izinhloso zokusebenza. Abahlinzeki bemishini bangahlinzeka ngomthamo nokulawula, kodwa akufanele basungule izilungiselelo zebhayoloji ngaphandle kukadokotela wezilwane nethimba lokukhiqiza epulazini.
Hlela Ukuhamba Kokudla, Amanzi, Amaqanda kanye Nomquba
I-automation ibalulekile uma yenza umsebenzi wansuku zonke ube ngokungaguquki futhi uqondakale. Iba yisibopho uma isistimu eyodwa ingaphansi iletha izinto eziningi kunalokho isistimu elandelayo engakwazi ukuphatha.
Ukudla namanzi
Umthamo wokugcina ukudla kufanele ubonise ukwethembeka kokulethwa, ukuhlela kokusetshenziswa kanye nokuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo. Umzila osuka esilweni uye emugqeni ngamunye nasemgqeni ngamunye udinga amandla okushayela afanele, izilawuli kanye nenqubo yokubuyisela emuva ngemva kwephutha.
Ikhwalithi yamanzi kufanele ihlolwe ngaphambi kokukhethwa kokugcina kwemishini. Ukuhlunga, ukwelashwa, ukulawulwa kwengcindezi, amaphoyinti okukhipha amanzi kanye nokugcina kungokohlelo olulodwa lwamanzi. Ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo, amanzi ahlanzekile nokwethembekile okuphuzwayo abalulekile; umklamo kufanele ugcine ukunikezwa emaphoyintini akude kakhulu futhi unikeze impendulo ekuhlulekeni kwepompo noma ugesi.
Ukuqoqwa kwamaqanda
Iphrojekthi kufanele ilandele umzila weqanda usuka phansi kwekheji uye endaweni yokuqoqwa noma yokupakisha ekugcineni. Ijubane lebhande, izinguquko zokuphakama, ukudluliswa, ukunqwabelana kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza kufanele kuhlelwe ukuze kugwenywe ukuminyana. Isilinganiso kufanele sisho ukuthi ukuqoqwa okuphakathi, ukuhlelwa kanye nokuxhunywa kokupakisha kufakiwe.
Ukuphathwa komquba
Ukususa umquba endlini akuphelelisi uhlelo lomquba. Umsebenzi udinga indawo echaziwe yokuya, ukufinyelela kwezimoto noma ukucutshungulwa okwengeziwe, ukuvikelwa emvuleni, ukuphathwa kwephunga nezimpukane, kanye nokufinyelela kokuhlanza.
I-FAO iyaphawula ukuthi imikhiqizo eyinsalela yezinkukhu ingathinta ikhwalithi yomhlabathi, amanzi nomoya uma ingalawulwa kahle, futhi incoma ukuthi kucatshangwe ngokugcinwa, ukuphathwa nokusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlela, ukwakha nokusebenza.[4] Izimvume zasendaweni nezidingo zokusetshenziswa kokugcina kufanele ziqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba i-oda lemishini lifakwe.
Hlelela Imvula, Ukukhipha Amanzi nokugqwala
Endaweni enomswakama, enemvula enkulu, imininingwane emincane yokwakha ingathinta impilo yemishini kanye nokuhlanzeka kwansuku zonke. Ithimba lezokwakha kanye nezinto zokusebenza kufanele lihlele ukukhipha amanzi ophahleni, amazinga aphansi aphansi, imigudu yangaphandle, izindawo zomquba, ukuvikelwa kwegumbi lemishini kanye nokungena kwezimoto.
Izinqumo zokwakhiwa nokufaka iziphuzo kufanele zibhaliwe kunokuba zichazwe kuphela njenge “ezisezingeni eliphezulu.” Buza ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye ezihlanganiswe nge-hot-dip galvanized, i-electro-galvanized, efakwe, i-stainless noma enye indlela evikelwe, nokuthi ukusika, ukuwelding nokufaka kuthinta kanjani leyo vikelwa. Ukuchayeka emsalela kungenzeka kudinge ukuhlolwa okuhlukile kokuphrojekthi yangasese.
Amabhodi kagesi, ama-sensors, ama-motors, izindlela zamakhebuli kanye nezixhumi nazo zidinga ukuvikelwa okufanele endaweni yazo efakiwe. Ukuvikelwa kufanele kuhlale kuhambisana nokupholisa nokuhlinzeka ngendawo yokuphefumula; ukuvalwa kwemishini ngaphandle kokubhekana nokushisa kungadala enye indlela yokwehluleka.
Phatha Amandla Nezilawuli njengokwakhiwa kokwesekwa kokuphila
Endlini yezinkukhu evaliwe, ukungena komoya namanzi okuphuza yimithwalo ebalulekile. Idizayini kagesi kufanele ikhombe umthwalo osebenzayo, umsinga wokuqala, ukulandelana komthwalo, umthamo we-transformer, umthamo we-generator kanye ne-logic yokushintsha okuzenzakalelayo.
Ungalindi ukuphuma kukagesi kokuqala ukuze uhlole uhlelo olusekelayo. Ngaphambi kokufika kwezinkukhu, ithimba kufanele lilingise ukulahleka kwamandla kagesi, ukuqala kwe-generator, ukuqala kabusha kwe-controller, ukulethwa kwe-alamu kanye nokusebenza ngesandla. Uphethiloli, amabhethri, izingxenye eziyisipele kanye nabasebenzi abanomthwalo wemfanelo kufanele babe sohlelweni oluphuthumayo.
Isilawuli sesimanje singaqapha izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ingcindezi emile, isimo semishini kanye nama-alamu. Ukufinyelela kude kungasekela abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe, kodwa akushintshi ukuhlolwa kwendawo. Izilawuli kufanele zenze umthwalo wemfanelo ucace, hhayi ukufihla ukusebenza ngemuva kwesikrini esiyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukufakwa, Ukuhlolwa kanye Nokuqeqeshwa Kuyingxenye Yephrojekthi
Ukulethwa kwemishini akusikho ukuqedwa kwephrojekthi. Ikhwalithi yokufaka ithinta ukulandelela kwebhande, ukuvuza kwamanzi, ukusatshalaliswa kokudla, ukuphepha kukagesi, ukusebenza kwefeni kanye nokufinyelela kokulungisa.
Ngaphambi kokuba izinyoni zifike, ukuhlola okwenziwayo kufanele kuhlanganise:
  • ukuhlola ukuhambisana kwemishini kanye nezinto zokubopha;
  • ukuhlola ingcindezi yamanzi, ukuvuza kanye nokuhlanza;
  • ukuhlola ukuphakela okungenamthwalo nokunomthwalo;
  • ukuhlola ukuhambisana kwebhande lamaqanda nokudlulisela;
  • ukuhlola ukulandelela kwebhande lomquba nokukhipha;
  • fan rotation, shutter and inlet checks;
  • umlawuli, inzwa kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-alamu;
  • ukuhlolwa kokudluliswa kanye nokuqala kabusha kwejeneretha;
  • ukuzijwayeza kwezisebenzi emaphutheni avamile.
Umnikazi kufanele athole imidwebo evunyiwe, izincwajana zokuhlahla, izinhlelo zokugcina, umqondo we-alamu, izinhlu zezingxenye eziyisipele kanye nabaxhumana nabo uma kwenzeka isimo siphakama. Ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kuhlanganise ukusebenza okuvamile, ukuhlanza, ukulungisa okuvimbelayo, ukululama ngesandla kanye nokugcina amarekhodi.
Ungawaqhathanisa Kanjani Abahlinzeki Bepulazi Lezendlalelo Eziphelele
Qhathanisa abahlinzeki ngokubhekisela kunkambiso efanayo ebhaliwe yomsebenzi. Buza umhlinzeki ngamunye:
  • Iluphi ulwazi kanye nokuqagela okusekela ukuhlelwa?
  • Yimuphi umfuziselo wekheji, inani lezitezi kanye nomthamo osetshenziswayo okufakiwe?
  • Yiziphi izingxenye zokondla, ukuphuza, amaqanda, umquba kanye nesimo sezulu ezifakiwe?
  • Ingabe ama-fan akhethwa ngomfutho wokusebenza noma ngenani le-catalog yamahhala kuphela?
  • Ubani ohlinzeka ngendlu, izisekelo, amapayipi okukhipha amanzi, imisebenzi kagesi kanye nohlelo lwamanzi?
  • Yiziphi izinto okufanele zithengwe endaweni?
  • Yikuphi ukugadwa kokufakwa nobufakazi bokuqalisa okufakiwe?
  • Yikuphi ukuqeqeshwa, izincwadi zokuhlahla, izingxenye eziyisipele zokuqala kanye nezindlela zokushintsha ezifakiwe?
  • Ushintsho lwedizayini lugunyazwa futhi lirekhodwa kanjani?
  • Yiziphi izimangalo ezingasekelwa yimidwebo, imininingwane, izivivinyo noma izinkomba ezifanele?
Isiphakamiso esithembekile sichaza izinto ezingafakiwe kanye nemibuzo evulekile ngokucacile njengoba sichaza izici. Lokhu kukhombisa umgomo webhizinisi olula: qonda izimo zangempela zekhasimende kuqala, bese unikela ngalokho okungahanjiswa ngomthwalo wemfanelo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Kubiza malini ipulazi lezinkukhu eliphelele e-Indonesia?
Ayikho intengo evamile enesibopho. Izindleko zincike emandleni, ohlelweni lwezindlu, ukusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, insimbi nokufakwa kwe-coating, ukungena komoya, ubukhulu besakhiwo, izinsiza, ukwelashwa komquba, ukuthutha, ukufakwa kanye nemisebenzi yendawo. Isilinganiso esinengqondo sidinga ukuhlelwa okuqinisekisiwe nobubanzi.
Ingabe indlu evaliwe ihlala ingcono kunendlu evulekile?
Akuzenzakaleli. Izindlu ezivaliwe zinganikeza ukulawulwa kwemvelo okungcono kodwa zidinga ugesi othembekile, umklamo wokungenisa umoya, izilawuli, ukunakekela kanye nokuhlela izimo eziphuthumayo. Izindlu ezivulekile noma ezingavulekile kancane zingafaneleka eminye imithwalo, izimo zezulu, izabelomali kanye namamodeli okuphatha. Isinqumo kufanele silandele ukuhlolwa kwendawo nokusebenza.
Ingabe ipulazi lase-Indonesia kufanele likhethe amakheji ezinkukhu ohlobo luka-A noma uhlobo luka-H?
Ukukhetha kuncike emandleni, ukwakheka kwendlu, ukuzenzakalela, abasebenzi, ukugeleza komoya, indlela yokuhambisa umquba, ukufinyelela kokulungisa, izidingo zendawo kanye nesu lokutshala izimali. Cela izinketho zohlelo kunokukhetha ngezithombe zodwa.
Yini okufanele ikhasimende liyithumele ukuze kutholwe isiphakamiso sokuqala?
Thumela idolobha lephrojekthi, umthamo wezinyoni okuhlosiwe, ubukhulu bomhlaba noma izilinganiso zendlu, uhlelo lwezindlu oluthandwayo, ugesi, umthombo wamanzi, indlela yokudla namaqanda, uhlelo lomquba, i-automation efiswayo, isheduli kanye nanoma yiziphi izidingo zendawo esezihlonziwe.
Ingabe ipulazi elizisebenzelayo ngokugcwele lisadinga abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe?
Yebo. I-automation ishintsha umsebenzi kodwa ayisusi umthwalo wemfanelo. Izinyoni, imishini, ama-alamu, inhlanzeko, amarekhodi, ukulungisa kanye nokuphendula ezimeni eziphuthumayo kusadinga abantu abaqeqeshiwe.
Isinyathelo Sokuqala Esinomthwalo
I-Henan Daofeng Livestock Equipment Co., Ltd. iqala iphrojekthi ngokuqonda indawo, umhlambi, izinsiza, ithimba elisebenzayo kanye nezinto eziphambili kumakhasimende. Hlola i-inqubo yepulazi lezinkukhu ezibekela amaqanda elilungele ukusebenzaukubona ulwazi nezinqumo okufanele zixhumanise umqondo nokwethulwa.
Uma uhlela ipulazi lezinkukhu ezithengiswayo e-Indonesia, yabelana ngendawo yephrojekthi, umthamo ohlosiwe, ubukhulu bomhlaba noma izindlu, ugesi, umthombo wamanzi, izinga lokusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo kanye nendlela yomquba ne-ithimba lemishini yezinkukhu i-Henan Daofeng. Inhloso yokuqala kufanele kube ukwakheka okucacile, ububanzi kanye nohlu lwezinqumo ezivulekile—hhayi ingcindezi yokuthenga ngaphambi kokuba iphrojekthi iqondwe






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